Capacity and coverage of mmWave ad hoc networks

textAd hoc networks provide a flexible, infrastructure-free means to communicate between soldiers in war zones, aid workers in disaster areas, or consumers in device-to-device (D2D) applications. Ad hoc networks, however, are stilled plagued by interference. Communication with millimeter-wave (mmWave) devices offers hope to ad hoc networks through higher bandwidth, reduced interference due to directional antennas, and a lighter interference field due to blockage. This report uses a stochastic geometry approach to characterize the one-way and two-way coverage probability of a mmWave ad hoc network with directional antennas and random blockages. The coverage probability in the presence of noise and both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight interference is analyzed and used to derive the transmission capacity. Several reasonable simplifications are used to derive the transmission capacity. Performance of mmWave is then analyzed in terms of area spectral efficiency and rate coverage. The results show that mmWave networks support larger densities, higher area spectral efficiencies, and better rate coverage compared to microwave ad hoc networks.Electrical and Computer Engineerin

Analysis of millimeter wave ad hoc networks

Over the coming few years, the next-generation of wireless networks will be standardized and defined. Ad hoc networks, which operate without expensive infrastructure, are desirable for use cases such as military networks or disaster relief. Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology may enable high speed ad hoc networks. Directional antennas and building blockage limit the received interference power while the huge bandwidth enables high data rates. For this reason, understanding the interference and network performance of mmWave ad hoc networks is crucial for next-generation network design. In my first contribution, I derive the SINR complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) for a random single-hop mmWave ad hoc network. These base results are used to further give insights in mmWave ad hoc networks. The SINR distribution is used to compute the transmission capacity of a mmWave ad hoc network using a Taylor bound. The CDF of the interference to noise ratio (INR) is also derived which shows that mmWave ad hoc networks are line-of-sight interference limited. I extend my work in the second contribution to include general clustered Poisson point processes to derive insights in the effect of different spatial interference patterns. Using the developed framework, I derive the ergodic rate of both spatially uniform and cluster mmWave ad hoc networks. I develop scaling trends for the antenna array size to keep the ergodic rate constant. The impact of beam alignment is computed in the final part of the contribution. Finally, I account for the overhead of beam alignment in mmWave ad hoc networks. The final contribution leverages the first two contributions to derive the expected training time a mmWave ad hoc network must perform before data transmission occurs. The results show that the optimal conditions for minimizing the training time are different than the optimal conditions for maximizing rate.Electrical and Computer Engineerin

Pediatric Dental Health Care: Recommended Practices for Helping Children and Parents

This brief contains recommendations focused on early childhood education practices that can strengthen pediatric dental care. It included recommendations for educating both parents and children in dental practices.HHS Child Care Bureau and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundatio

Overall Quality Among Licensed and License-Exempt Early Childhood Centers

This brief will discuss several important aspects of early childhood centers. The findings presented are those that show statistically significant differences between licensed and license-exempt centers. Each program was observed for two- to three-hours using the Caregiver Interaction Scale (CIS) and either the Early Childhood Environmental Rating Scale or the Infant-Toddler Environmental Rating Scale depending on the age of the children.Funded by: HHS Child Care Bureau and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundatio

Teacher Education and Benefits in Subsidized Child Care Programs

Findings from a study of 2,022 indicate subsidized programs tend to be less likely to offer teacher benefits in the area of health insurance, paid sick leave, and retirement benefits. However, they are more likely to offer a reduction in tuition, for the children of staff. Additionally, teachers in subsidized programs tend to have less formal education. Findings were somewhat different for programs in urban and rural communities.Funded by HHS Child Care Bureau and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundatio

Missouri Early Childhood Programs: Subsidy and Workforce Issues

Includes bibliographical references.Economic data indicate investments in early childhood education provide substantial, long term dividends among adults who attended high quality programs during their preschool years. Research suggests a significant contributor to these positive outcomes is the workforce: a highly qualified workforce in the field of early childhood education has a positive lasting impact on children

Children's Early Learning: What the state of Missouri can do

Includes bibliographical references.Findings from the Midwest Child Care Research Consortium indicate early childhood education settings are of low quality in three areas that are key to early learning: Learning Activities, Language and Reasoning and Social InteractionsHHS Child Care Bureau and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundatio

Teacher Education and High Quality Early Education

Includes bibliographical references.The MCCRC's study on levels of teacher education is presented. The education level of early childhood teachers in Missouri is quite low. Approximately 31% of the teachers had a high school degree or less and another 30% had some type of education/training beyond high school but the education/training did not matriculate to a degree or certificate. A small percentage of teachers (22%) reported having a one- or two-year certificate/degree in child development. The last group, 16% of the sample, were teachers with at least a bachelor's degree. Several findings, related to teacher education, were associated to the licensing status of the program or the type of early childhood program.Funded by: HHS Child Care Bureau and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation

Status of Infant and Toddler Programs in Missouri

Includes bibliographical references.Early childhood is a critical period for cognitive, linguistic, and social-emotional development. Research finds that children who attend high quality infant and toddler programs are better prepared to succeed in school and in the workforce than those who did not attend. Thus, the quality of infant and toddler programs has great implications for children's development. One of the tasks of a survey was to examine infant and toddler workforce issues and program quality.Funded by HHS Child Care Bureau and the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation

2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

Correction to: 2021 Taxonomic update of phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales. Archives of Virology (2021) 166:3567–3579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-021-05266-wIn March 2021, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. The phylum was expanded by four families (Aliusviridae, Crepuscuviridae, Myriaviridae, and Natareviridae), three subfamilies (Alpharhabdovirinae, Betarhabdovirinae, and Gammarhabdovirinae), 42 genera, and 200 species. Thirty-nine species were renamed and/or moved and seven species were abolished. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV.This work was supported in part through Laulima Government Solutions, LLC prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. J.H.K. performed this work as an employee of Tunnell Government Services (TGS), a subcontractor of Laulima Government Solutions, LLC under Contract No. HHSN272201800013C. This work was also supported in part with federal funds from the National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), under Contract No. 75N91019D00024, Task Order No. 75N91019F00130 to I.C., who was supported by the Clinical Monitoring Research Program Directorate, Frederick National Lab for Cancer Research. This work was also funded in part by Contract No. HSHQDC-15-C-00064 awarded by DHS S&T for the management and operation of The National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center, a federally funded research and development center operated by the Battelle National Biodefense Institute (V.W.); and NIH contract HHSN272201000040I/HHSN27200004/D04 and grant R24AI120942 (N.V., R.B.T.). S.S. acknowledges partial support from the Special Research Initiative of Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station (MAFES), Mississippi State University, and the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, Hatch Project 1021494. Part of this work was supported by the Francis Crick Institute which receives its core funding from Cancer Research UK (FC001030), the UK Medical Research Council (FC001030), and the Wellcome Trust (FC001030).S